1948年

1948年 — 韓国: 済州島四・三事件 / 中国: 창춘 포위전 / 日本: 福井地震 / アメリカ: Berlin Blockade

出来事26件。本文は原典の年表の原文のままで、出典は出典とライセンスにある。上下の灰色の行は前後2年の文脈だ。

韓国大韓民国 1948–	中国中華民国 1912–1949	日本昭和 1926–1989	アメリカアメリカ合衆国 1776–
済州島四・三事件 November. The South Korean National Assembly passes the National Security Law. The law has been consistently criticized for its broad scope and historical use by South Korean dictatorships to quash political resistance.EN 7월 17일 대한민국 헌법이 공포됨KO 9월 9일 조선민주주의인민공화국 정부 수립KO 5월 10일 남한 총선거KO 8월 15일 대한민국 정부 수립KO May. Despite significant controversy, elections for the National Assembly are held in South Korea, and Syngman Rhee becomes its chair.EN 10월 19일 여수·순천 사건 일어남KO 1946January. Cho Man-sik, Kim's main rival for leadership in the North, is removed from office and placed under house arrest by the Soviets. 1946남조선과도입법의원 1946February. The Provisional People's Committee of North Korea is established, and Kim Il Sung is made its chairman. While it supposedly represents all political groups in the North, it is dominated by the Soviet-backed Communist Party. 19463월 20일 제1차 미소공동위원회 개최 19462월 8일 북조선임시인민위원회 창설 19461월 15일 남조선국방경비대 창설 19466월 3일 이승만이 정읍발언을 함 1946July. North Korea creates its first film: Our Construction. 1947November. The United Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 112, which creates the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea. The Soviets dispute the authority of the commission and ignore it. 1947July. Lyuh Woon-hyung, whom some Americans had been eyeing as a more moderate alternative candidate for leadership in the South, is assassinated by a member of the far-right terrorist group the White Shirts Society. 19472월 북조선인민위원회 창설 19475월 21일 제2차 미소공동위원회 개최 1949聞慶虐殺事件 194926 June. Kim Ku is murdered in his home by Ahn Doo-hee. The exact motives behind the murder still remain unclear. 1950朝鮮戦争 1950인천 상륙 작전 1950釜山橋頭堡の戦い 1950老斤里虐殺事件 1950烏山の戦い 1950大田の戦い 1950평택 전투 1950July. The UN Security Council creates the United Nations Command under the United States to support the South. Over the following years, tens of thousands of soldiers from a number of countries fight for the South. 1950天安の戦い 1950대구 전투 1950동두천·포천-의정부 전투 1950October. Chinese forces as the People's Volunteer Army under Peng Dehuai secretly enter the North. 1950상주 전투 (1950년) 1950January. After months of negotiations, Stalin finally relents to Kim's requests to launch an invasion of the South, but makes it conditional on whether Kim can convince Mao to support the effort. 1950(before Korean War) 1950December. The Chinese retake Pyongyang. 19506월 25일 한국 전쟁이 발발 1950November. Chinese forces launch a massive offensive from the North, which puts the UN and ROK forces into a full retreat.	창춘 포위전EN Battle of JinzhouEN 지난 전역EN Litang earthquakeEN November — Liaoshen Campaign: The last ROC garrison in Manchuria, in Yingkou, retreated in the face of a PLA advance.EN 蔣中正當選行憲後第一任中華民國總統，國民政府改组成立中華民國政府。金圓券風暴。上海《观察》杂志被查封。中国人民解放军通过三大战役（三大会战）重创中华民国国军，国共双方军事实力反转。ZH December — Huaihai Campaign: The PLA encircled an ROC army in Xuzhou.EN 1946July — Chinese Civil War: The NRA invaded PLA-held territory en masse. 1946Battle of Siping 1946Battle of Kalgan 1946Hsinhua earthquake 19461月5日承认外蒙古独立。第二次國共內戰起。詩人聞一多被殺。《中華民國憲法》通過。《中美友好通商航海条约》签订。 1947中華民国憲法 1947Zhengtai Campaign 1947February — February 28 Incident: Nationalist forces violently suppressed an anti-government protest in Taiwan Province. 1947《中華民國憲法》公布，正式施行憲政。国民革命军实行軍隊國家化，改称中華民國國軍。北塔山事件。鲁南战役。中华民国国军攻入延安。臺灣發生二二八事件。 1949月1日，中華人民共和國開國大典，成立「中华人民共和国中央人民政府」，改北平為北京，以作為首都。定五星红旗为国旗，《义勇军进行曲》为临时国歌。 1949月16日，毛泽东应召赴莫斯科，参加庆祝苏共中央总书记斯大林七十岁诞辰，并对苏联进行为期两个月的访问；21日，毛泽东等到达莫斯科，与斯大林迅速谈判。 1949中国人民政治協商会議 1949月25日，金门战役爆发，中国人民解放军进攻失败。 1949구닝터우 전투 1949Yangtze River Crossing campaign 1949October — Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). 1949月21日，毛澤東發表政务院人選，以周恩來為總理，兼外交部部長，中央人民政府人民革命軍事委員會主席由毛澤東兼任。 1949April — Chinese Civil War: The PLA conquered the ROC capital Nanjing. The ROC moved its capital to Guangzhou. 1949January — Chiang resigned the presidency of the Republic of China due to military failures and under pressure from his vice president Li Zongren, who succeeded him as acting president. 1949月，两航事件，隶属中华民国交通部的中国航空公司、中央航空运输公司的飞行员集体自英属香港驾驶12架飞机飞到中华人民共和国。 1949May — The ROC government imposes the 38-year martial law in Taiwan 1949December — The ROC moved its capital from Chengdu to Taipei. 1949月3日，中华人民共和国与苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟建交。 1949January — Pingjin Campaign: The PLA took Beijing. 1949月2日，苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）首先承認中華人民共和國。 1949月14日-12月，张家口爆发了鼠疫，75人死亡。 1949月7日，成都十二桥惨案，数十名政治犯被秘密集体枪决。 1950朝鮮戦争 1950チャムドの戦い 1950朝鮮戰爭（1950-1953）爆發，美國派遣第七艦隊巡弋台灣海峽。陳儀在台北被處決。 1950アッサム・チベット地震 1950中ソ友好同盟相互援助条約 1950月30日，《中华人民共和国土地改革法》公布施行，逐步展开土地改革运动，1953年春基本结束；土改并未以遵循法律的和平方式进行，据估计共造成了100万-500万人的非正常死亡，农村精英阶层消亡。 1950镇压反革命运动与剿匪斗争共处决了上百万人口。 1950November — Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River: The Chinese 38th Group Army broke the UN line between the 7th Infantry Division and 8th Infantry Division in the valley of the Chongchon River. 1950운산 전투 1950군우리 전투 1950月15日，中国与印度边境墨脱县发生8.6级地震，约4000人死亡。 1950伊吾の戦い 1950난아오 전투 1950月1日，《中华人民共和国婚姻法》公布施行；同日，解放军“解放海南岛”。 1950月10日，《关于纠正镇压反革命活动的右倾偏向的指示》颁布，镇压反革命运动开始，1953年底基本结束，官方数据显示至少70余万或80余万人死亡，上百万人遭逮捕，而学界则估计100万-200万人遭处决。 1950月8日，毛泽东发布命令，将东北边防军组成中国人民志愿军支援北朝鲜，任命彭德怀为司令员兼政治委员；19日，中国人民志愿军渡鸭绿江入朝作战。 1950月27日，中共中央書記處五大書記之一的中共中央秘書長任弼時於北京病逝。 1950Mass executions of political prisoners took place in the Canidrome. 1950月19日，北京市人民政府发出布告取缔一贯道及所有会道门，由此带动全国开始取缔反动会道门。 1950March — Landing Operation on Hainan Island: Chinese forces landed on ROC-controlled Hainan. 1950月4日，《各民主党派联合宣言》发表，以“仇视”、“鄙视”及“蔑视”美帝国主义为主题的三视教育运动正式展开。 1950毛沢東暗殺陰謀事件 1950月29日，《中华人民共和国工会法》公布施行。 1950月27日，河南宜洛矿难造成174人死亡、39人受伤，成为中华人民共和国建国以来的第一场最大安全责任事故。	福井地震阪神教育事件 1946January — Just five months after his arrival in Japan, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, General Douglas MacArthur orders the Japanese government to expel all militarists from positions of power. The disbandment of all ultra-nationalist organizations is also demanded. 1946November — Constitution of Japan is promulgated. 1946May — Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, the predecessor of Sony, is founded. 1946May — In the controversial International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the prosecution began of Japanese military leaders for war crimes. 1946May — Shigeru Yoshida receives Imperial Order to form a cabinet. 1946April — Sazae-san is first published. 1946June — Emperor Hirohito submits a revision of the Imperial Constitution to the National Diet. 1946Japanese economic miracle begins. 1946May — Yoshida's cabinet is announced. 1946March — Kose Cosmetics is founded in Oji region, Tokyo, as predecessor name was Kobayashi Kose Cosmetics. 1946August — Keidanren is established. 1946January — During the New Year's Day, Emperor Shōwa renounces his divinity, known in Japanese as the Human Declaration. 1947August — Supreme Court of Japan is established. 1947May — The Constitution of Japan goes into the effect. This country will start the transition from the Empire of Japan to the State of Japan (Nihon Koku, 日本国) with a Liberal Democracy. The Article 9 turned Japan into a pacifist country without a military, known as East Asia or Asia-Pacific country. 1947March — Sekisui Chemical is founded. 1950注文津港海戦	Berlin BlockadeEN U.S. presidential election, 1948: Harry S. Truman is elected president for a full term, Alben W. Barkley is elected vice presidentEN Organization of American States: Alliance of North America and South AmericaEN Alger Hiss CaseEN Republican National ConventionEN The Texaco Star Theater, starring Milton Berle, becomes the first major successful U.S. television program; The Toast of the Town also debutsEN Truman desegregates armed forcesEN Selective Service Act of 1948: Passed after first such act expiredEN January 20, 1949 – President Truman begins full term, Barkley becomes the 35th vice presidentEN 1946アセンズの戦い 1946캘리포니아 제12선거구 선거 1946Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care published 1946United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946 1946Employment Act 1946Philippines regain independence from the U.S. 1946President's Committee on Civil Rights 1947General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947Marshall Plan drafted 1947国家安全保障法 1947Truman Doctrine establishes "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures" 1947Jackson Pollock begins painting his most famous series of paintings called the drip paintings in Easthampton, New York 1947First broadcast of Meet the Press 1947Jackie Robinson breaks color barrier in baseball 1947Presidential Succession Act 1947Studebaker becomes the first automobile manufacturer to introduce a "post-war" model; most automakers wait until 1948 or 1949 1947World Series is broadcast live on television for the first time 1947Taft Hartley Act 1947Polaroid camera invented 1947U.F.O. crash at Roswell, New Mexico 1949In China, Communists under Mao Zedong force Chiang Kai-shek's KMT government to retreat to Taiwan 1949Truman attempts to continue FDR's legacy with his Fair Deal, but most acts don't pass 1949提督たちの反乱 1949The first mammal, a rhesus monkey named Albert II, is launched into space in a suborbital flight 1949Germany divided into East and West 1949Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb 1949Department of War becomes the Department of the Army and becomes subordinate to the new Department of Defense 1949North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed 1950朝鮮戦争 1950The comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz, is first published 1950Senator Joseph McCarthy gains power, and McCarthyism (1950–1954) begins 1950McCarran Internal Security Act 1950피의 협곡 학살 1950NBC airs Broadway Open House a late-night comedy, variety, talk show through 1951. Hosted by Morey Amsterdam and Jerry Lester and Dagmar, it serves as the prototype for The Tonight Show 1950Jayuya Uprising 1950Failed assassination attempt by two Puerto Rican nationals on President Harry S. Truman while he was living at Blair House.

韓国大韓民国 1948–

中国中華民国 1912–1949

日本昭和 1926–1989

アメリカアメリカ合衆国 1776–

済州島四・三事件
November. The South Korean National Assembly passes the National Security Law. The law has been consistently criticized for its broad scope and historical use by South Korean dictatorships to quash political resistance.EN
7월 17일 대한민국 헌법이 공포됨KO
9월 9일 조선민주주의인민공화국 정부 수립KO
5월 10일 남한 총선거KO
8월 15일 대한민국 정부 수립KO
May. Despite significant controversy, elections for the National Assembly are held in South Korea, and Syngman Rhee becomes its chair.EN
10월 19일 여수·순천 사건 일어남KO

1946January. Cho Man-sik, Kim's main rival for leadership in the North, is removed from office and placed under house arrest by the Soviets.
1946남조선과도입법의원
1946February. The Provisional People's Committee of North Korea is established, and Kim Il Sung is made its chairman. While it supposedly represents all political groups in the North, it is dominated by the Soviet-backed Communist Party.
19463월 20일 제1차 미소공동위원회 개최
19462월 8일 북조선임시인민위원회 창설
19461월 15일 남조선국방경비대 창설
19466월 3일 이승만이 정읍발언을 함
1946July. North Korea creates its first film: Our Construction.
1947November. The United Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 112, which creates the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea. The Soviets dispute the authority of the commission and ignore it.
1947July. Lyuh Woon-hyung, whom some Americans had been eyeing as a more moderate alternative candidate for leadership in the South, is assassinated by a member of the far-right terrorist group the White Shirts Society.
19472월 북조선인민위원회 창설
19475월 21일 제2차 미소공동위원회 개최
1949聞慶虐殺事件
194926 June. Kim Ku is murdered in his home by Ahn Doo-hee. The exact motives behind the murder still remain unclear.
1950朝鮮戦争
1950인천 상륙 작전
1950釜山橋頭堡の戦い
1950老斤里虐殺事件
1950烏山の戦い
1950大田の戦い
1950평택 전투
1950July. The UN Security Council creates the United Nations Command under the United States to support the South. Over the following years, tens of thousands of soldiers from a number of countries fight for the South.
1950天安の戦い
1950대구 전투
1950동두천·포천-의정부 전투
1950October. Chinese forces as the People's Volunteer Army under Peng Dehuai secretly enter the North.
1950상주 전투 (1950년)
1950January. After months of negotiations, Stalin finally relents to Kim's requests to launch an invasion of the South, but makes it conditional on whether Kim can convince Mao to support the effort.
1950(before Korean War)
1950December. The Chinese retake Pyongyang.
19506월 25일 한국 전쟁이 발발
1950November. Chinese forces launch a massive offensive from the North, which puts the UN and ROK forces into a full retreat.

창춘 포위전EN
Battle of JinzhouEN
지난 전역EN
Litang earthquakeEN
November — Liaoshen Campaign: The last ROC garrison in Manchuria, in Yingkou, retreated in the face of a PLA advance.EN
蔣中正當選行憲後第一任中華民國總統，國民政府改组成立中華民國政府。金圓券風暴。上海《观察》杂志被查封。中国人民解放军通过三大战役（三大会战）重创中华民国国军，国共双方军事实力反转。ZH
December — Huaihai Campaign: The PLA encircled an ROC army in Xuzhou.EN

1946July — Chinese Civil War: The NRA invaded PLA-held territory en masse.
1946Battle of Siping
1946Battle of Kalgan
1946Hsinhua earthquake
19461月5日承认外蒙古独立。第二次國共內戰起。詩人聞一多被殺。《中華民國憲法》通過。《中美友好通商航海条约》签订。
1947中華民国憲法
1947Zhengtai Campaign
1947February — February 28 Incident: Nationalist forces violently suppressed an anti-government protest in Taiwan Province.
1947《中華民國憲法》公布，正式施行憲政。国民革命军实行軍隊國家化，改称中華民國國軍。北塔山事件。鲁南战役。中华民国国军攻入延安。臺灣發生二二八事件。
1949月1日，中華人民共和國開國大典，成立「中华人民共和国中央人民政府」，改北平為北京，以作為首都。定五星红旗为国旗，《义勇军进行曲》为临时国歌。
1949月16日，毛泽东应召赴莫斯科，参加庆祝苏共中央总书记斯大林七十岁诞辰，并对苏联进行为期两个月的访问；21日，毛泽东等到达莫斯科，与斯大林迅速谈判。
1949中国人民政治協商会議
1949月25日，金门战役爆发，中国人民解放军进攻失败。
1949구닝터우 전투
1949Yangtze River Crossing campaign
1949October — Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
1949月21日，毛澤東發表政务院人選，以周恩來為總理，兼外交部部長，中央人民政府人民革命軍事委員會主席由毛澤東兼任。
1949April — Chinese Civil War: The PLA conquered the ROC capital Nanjing. The ROC moved its capital to Guangzhou.
1949January — Chiang resigned the presidency of the Republic of China due to military failures and under pressure from his vice president Li Zongren, who succeeded him as acting president.
1949月，两航事件，隶属中华民国交通部的中国航空公司、中央航空运输公司的飞行员集体自英属香港驾驶12架飞机飞到中华人民共和国。
1949May — The ROC government imposes the 38-year martial law in Taiwan
1949December — The ROC moved its capital from Chengdu to Taipei.
1949月3日，中华人民共和国与苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟建交。
1949January — Pingjin Campaign: The PLA took Beijing.
1949月2日，苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）首先承認中華人民共和國。
1949月14日-12月，张家口爆发了鼠疫，75人死亡。
1949月7日，成都十二桥惨案，数十名政治犯被秘密集体枪决。
1950朝鮮戦争
1950チャムドの戦い
1950朝鮮戰爭（1950-1953）爆發，美國派遣第七艦隊巡弋台灣海峽。陳儀在台北被處決。
1950アッサム・チベット地震
1950中ソ友好同盟相互援助条約
1950月30日，《中华人民共和国土地改革法》公布施行，逐步展开土地改革运动，1953年春基本结束；土改并未以遵循法律的和平方式进行，据估计共造成了100万-500万人的非正常死亡，农村精英阶层消亡。
1950镇压反革命运动与剿匪斗争共处决了上百万人口。
1950November — Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River: The Chinese 38th Group Army broke the UN line between the 7th Infantry Division and 8th Infantry Division in the valley of the Chongchon River.
1950운산 전투
1950군우리 전투
1950月15日，中国与印度边境墨脱县发生8.6级地震，约4000人死亡。
1950伊吾の戦い
1950난아오 전투
1950月1日，《中华人民共和国婚姻法》公布施行；同日，解放军“解放海南岛”。
1950月10日，《关于纠正镇压反革命活动的右倾偏向的指示》颁布，镇压反革命运动开始，1953年底基本结束，官方数据显示至少70余万或80余万人死亡，上百万人遭逮捕，而学界则估计100万-200万人遭处决。
1950月8日，毛泽东发布命令，将东北边防军组成中国人民志愿军支援北朝鲜，任命彭德怀为司令员兼政治委员；19日，中国人民志愿军渡鸭绿江入朝作战。
1950月27日，中共中央書記處五大書記之一的中共中央秘書長任弼時於北京病逝。
1950Mass executions of political prisoners took place in the Canidrome.
1950月19日，北京市人民政府发出布告取缔一贯道及所有会道门，由此带动全国开始取缔反动会道门。
1950March — Landing Operation on Hainan Island: Chinese forces landed on ROC-controlled Hainan.
1950月4日，《各民主党派联合宣言》发表，以“仇视”、“鄙视”及“蔑视”美帝国主义为主题的三视教育运动正式展开。
1950毛沢東暗殺陰謀事件
1950月29日，《中华人民共和国工会法》公布施行。
1950月27日，河南宜洛矿难造成174人死亡、39人受伤，成为中华人民共和国建国以来的第一场最大安全责任事故。

福井地震
阪神教育事件

1946January — Just five months after his arrival in Japan, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, General Douglas MacArthur orders the Japanese government to expel all militarists from positions of power. The disbandment of all ultra-nationalist organizations is also demanded.
1946November — Constitution of Japan is promulgated.
1946May — Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, the predecessor of Sony, is founded.
1946May — In the controversial International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the prosecution began of Japanese military leaders for war crimes.
1946May — Shigeru Yoshida receives Imperial Order to form a cabinet.
1946April — Sazae-san is first published.
1946June — Emperor Hirohito submits a revision of the Imperial Constitution to the National Diet.
1946Japanese economic miracle begins.
1946May — Yoshida's cabinet is announced.
1946March — Kose Cosmetics is founded in Oji region, Tokyo, as predecessor name was Kobayashi Kose Cosmetics.
1946August — Keidanren is established.
1946January — During the New Year's Day, Emperor Shōwa renounces his divinity, known in Japanese as the Human Declaration.
1947August — Supreme Court of Japan is established.
1947May — The Constitution of Japan goes into the effect. This country will start the transition from the Empire of Japan to the State of Japan (Nihon Koku, 日本国) with a Liberal Democracy. The Article 9 turned Japan into a pacifist country without a military, known as East Asia or Asia-Pacific country.
1947March — Sekisui Chemical is founded.
1950注文津港海戦

Berlin BlockadeEN
U.S. presidential election, 1948: Harry S. Truman is elected president for a full term, Alben W. Barkley is elected vice presidentEN
Organization of American States: Alliance of North America and South AmericaEN
Alger Hiss CaseEN
Republican National ConventionEN
The Texaco Star Theater, starring Milton Berle, becomes the first major successful U.S. television program; The Toast of the Town also debutsEN
Truman desegregates armed forcesEN
Selective Service Act of 1948: Passed after first such act expiredEN
January 20, 1949 – President Truman begins full term, Barkley becomes the 35th vice presidentEN

1946アセンズの戦い
1946캘리포니아 제12선거구 선거
1946Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care published
1946United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946
1946Employment Act
1946Philippines regain independence from the U.S.
1946President's Committee on Civil Rights
1947General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
1947Marshall Plan drafted
1947国家安全保障法
1947Truman Doctrine establishes "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures"
1947Jackson Pollock begins painting his most famous series of paintings called the drip paintings in Easthampton, New York
1947First broadcast of Meet the Press
1947Jackie Robinson breaks color barrier in baseball
1947Presidential Succession Act
1947Studebaker becomes the first automobile manufacturer to introduce a "post-war" model; most automakers wait until 1948 or 1949
1947World Series is broadcast live on television for the first time
1947Taft Hartley Act
1947Polaroid camera invented
1947U.F.O. crash at Roswell, New Mexico
1949In China, Communists under Mao Zedong force Chiang Kai-shek's KMT government to retreat to Taiwan
1949Truman attempts to continue FDR's legacy with his Fair Deal, but most acts don't pass
1949提督たちの反乱
1949The first mammal, a rhesus monkey named Albert II, is launched into space in a suborbital flight
1949Germany divided into East and West
1949Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb
1949Department of War becomes the Department of the Army and becomes subordinate to the new Department of Defense
1949North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed
1950朝鮮戦争
1950The comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz, is first published
1950Senator Joseph McCarthy gains power, and McCarthyism (1950–1954) begins
1950McCarran Internal Security Act
1950피의 협곡 학살
1950NBC airs Broadway Open House a late-night comedy, variety, talk show through 1951. Hosted by Morey Amsterdam and Jerry Lester and Dagmar, it serves as the prototype for The Tonight Show
1950Jayuya Uprising
1950Failed assassination attempt by two Puerto Rican nationals on President Harry S. Truman while he was living at Blair House.