- No events recorded for this year
- 1865복궁 중건
- 1866General Sherman incident
- 1866병인박해, ,병인사옥·병인양요, 제너럴 셔먼호 사건 일어남
- 186611 October – 22 November. The French conduct a punitive campaign in Korea, but eventually retreat without concessions from the Korean government.
- 1868오페르트 도굴 사건이 일어남
- 1869Famine in northern Korea that causes Koreans to flee to Russia.
| - No events recorded for this year
- 1865李鸿章立江南制造局。
- 1866左宗棠设福州船政局。
- 1868Yangzhou riot
- 1868Nian Rebellion
| - February — Emperor Meiji ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne. This marked the start of the Meiji Period.
- 近江屋事件。大政奉還・王政復古により江戸幕府が実質的に滅亡。JA
- 아부라코지 사건
- January — Emperor Kōmei died at the age of 35. It's generally believed due to the smallpox epidemic. This marked the end of the Edo period.
- 1866Second Chōshū expedition
- 1866Tokugawa Yoshinobu, accession
- 1866第二次長州征討
- 1868Boshin War was fought between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the Imperial Court.
- 1868Battle of Toba–Fushimi
- 1868Battle of Ueno
- 1868Battle of Awa
- 1868Battle of Aizu
- 1868Battle of Hakodate
- 1868Battle of Utsunomiya Castle
- 1868Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma
- 1868Battle of Hokuetsu
- 1868Battle of Bonari Pass
- 1868Battle of Noheji
- 1868Battle of Hatchōoki
- 1868江戸開城（江戸城無血開城）
- 1868이치카와·후나바시 전쟁
- 1868January — Meiji Restoration restored practical abilities and the political system under Emperor Meiji. This ended the Tokugawa Shogunate.
- 1868秋田戦争
- 1869戊辰戦争
- 1869May — Emperor Meiji moved his residence from Kyoto to Tokyo. Edo castle became the Imperial Palace. This made Tokyo the formal capital of Japan.
- 1869The city of Edo was formally renamed to Tokyo ("eastern capital"). The city of Tokyo was officially established.
| - Alaska Purchase
- Territory of Alaska purchased from the Russian Empire
- Nebraska becomes a state
- 1867 Manhattan, Kansas, earthquake
- Hayfield Fight
- 1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
- The US Annexes the Midway Islands in the Pacific
- Tenure of Office Act enacted
- Congress passes a series of Reconstruction acts and the period of Radical Reconstruction begins
- 1865Ku Klux Klan founded
- 1865Battle of Appomattox Court House
- 1865Battle of Five Forks
- 1865Battle of Palmito Ranch
- 1865Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia
- 1865Battle of Fort Stedman
- 1865Battle of Appomattox Station
- 1865Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
- 1865Robert E. Lee made commander-in-chief of all Confederate forces
- 1865Battle of Natural Bridge
- 1865Battle of Wyse Fork
- 1865Battle of Averasborough
- 1865Freedmen's Bureau
- 1865April 15, 1865 – President Lincoln assassinated; Vice President Johnson becomes the 17th president
- 1865Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
- 1865Slavery abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment.
- 1865March 4, 1865 – President Lincoln begins second term; Johnson becomes the 16th vice president
- 1865Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, captured by a corps of black Union troops
- 1866Red Cloud's War
- 1866Fetterman Fight
- 1866Civil Rights Act of 1866
- 1866New Orleans Massacre of 1866
- 1866Tennessee becomes the first Confederate state readmitted to the union
- 1868Battle of the Washita River
- 1868Grito de Lares
- 18681868 Hawaii earthquake
- 1868Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama are admitted back into the union.
- 1868Ulysses S. Grant is elected president and Schuyler Colfax is elected vice president.
- 1868Battle of Beecher Island
- 1868Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, acquitted by the Senate by one vote.
- 1868Battle of El Pepino
- 1868Camilla massacre
- 1868March 4, 1869 – Grant becomes the 18th president and Colfax becomes the 17th vice president.
- 1868The Copperheads are dissolved.
- 1868Fourteenth Amendment is ratified; second of Reconstruction Amendments.
- 1868Boss Tweed gained control of Tammany Hall.
- 1869Texas v. White upholds Radical Reconstruction and states that once Texas joins the Union, its union was indissoluble.
- 1869The First transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory.
- 1869Battle of Summit Springs
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