- 2월 25일 노무현 대통령 취임, 참여정부 출범KO
- 200111월 25일 국가인권위원회 설립
- 2002rd FIFA Congress
- 2002January – 19 March. TV series Winter Sonata achieves significant international viewership in the Philippines and Japan, bolstering the growing Korean Wave.
- 20026월 29일 서해교전사건 발생
- 2002축구 월드컵이 한국과 일본에서 공동 개최
- 20044월 1일 KTX가 개통
- 20043월 12일 노무현 대통령 탄핵 소추안이 국회를 통과
- 20045월 14일 대한민국의 헌법재판소가 노무현 대통령 탄핵 소추안을 기각
| - 月15日，宇航员杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”载人航天飞船顺利完成了中国第一次载人航天飞行任务，并于10月16日返回地球（参见：中国航天）。ZH
- 3月15日胡锦涛当选中华人民共和国主席，温家宝当选中华人民共和国国务院总理。10月15日，太空人楊利偉乘坐神舟五號順利完成了中國第一次載人航天飛行任務。ZH
- 月，胡锦涛提出“科学发展观”的理念。ZH
- 2003 Bachu earthquake
- 月29日及10月17日，中國大陸分別與香港及澳門簽訂《關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排》。ZH
- 月16日，中国海军361潜艇海难，艇上70名官兵全部遇难。ZH
- 月1日，针对《23条》，香港爆发七一游行。ZH
- 月20日，大学生孙志刚被广州政府执法部门殴打身亡，引发收容遣送制度被废除。ZH
- 月，重庆开县特大井喷事故造成243人死亡。ZH
- 月5日-18日，在第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上，胡锦涛当选中华人民共和国主席，温家宝当选中华人民共和国国务院总理。ZH
- 2001月15日 ，“上海合作组织 ”在上海成立。
- 20012001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
- 2001Hainan Island incident
- 2001月1日，百度公司在北京中关村成立，创立百度搜索引擎。
- 2001World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2001
- 20012001 Central Tibetan Administration general election
- 20012001 Kuomintang chairmanship election
- 2001月1日，中华人民共和国第五次全国人口普查显示中国总人口达12.45亿。
- 2001January — Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident: Five declared by Chinese government members of Falun Gong may have burned themselves to death in Tiananmen Square.
- 2001月18日-20日，时任美国总统小布什访华，出席上海APEC领导人会议。
- 2001月17日，广西南丹矿难造成81人死亡。
- 2001月，第21屆夏季大學生運動會在北京舉辦，這是中國首次主辦世大運。
- 2001月，中华人民共和国劳改制度被取消。
- 2001南海撞机事件。天安门自焚事件。张学良逝。北京举办夏季世界大学生运动会。中华人民共和国加入世界贸易组织。
- 2001月16日，河北省会石家庄市发生了一起重大爆炸刑事案件，造成死亡108人、38人受伤。
- 2001月13日 ，中国北京赢得2008年奥林匹克运动会主办权。
- 2002中華民國以「臺澎金馬個別關稅領域」加入世界贸易组织。中国人民解放军首次环球航行。爆发严重急性呼吸道综合征疫情（SARS）。中共十六大召开，胡锦涛接任中国共产党中央委员会总书记。
- 2002月，国际数学家大会在北京举行，是第一次在发展中国家举办，陈省身任大会名誉主席，吴文俊任大会主席。
- 2002月，南水北调工程开工建设。
- 20022002 Taiwan earthquake
- 2002月8日-14日，中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会在北京召开，胡锦涛在11月15日召开的中共十六届一中全会上当选中共中央总书记，其他当选的中共中央政治局常委包括吴邦国、温家宝、贾庆林、曾庆红、黄菊、吴官正、李长春、罗干（参见：中国共产党第十六届中央委员会）。
- 2002月，西气东输工程开工建设。
- 2002November — An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome began in Guangdong.
- 2002月7日，“大连5·7空难 ”导致112人丧生。
- 2002月20日，黑龙江“鸡西矿难”造成124人死亡。
- 2002月16日起，广东、香港、北京等地爆发严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS），此后传向其它国家，造成严重急性呼吸道综合征疫情。
- 2002月，中国国家男子足球队首次出现在世界杯决赛圈。
- 2002月21日-22日，时任美国总统小布什第二次访华，与时任中国国家主席江泽民会面。
- 2004月14日，俄罗斯归还中国一半黑瞎子岛（《中俄边界东段补充协定》）。
- 2004月19日，胡锦涛就任中国共产党中央军事委员会主席 ，并提出“和谐社会”的理念。
- 2004月14日，第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议对《八二宪法》进行了第四次修改，江泽民“三个代表”重要思想被写入宪法。
- 2004三一九枪击事件。陈水扁连任中华民国总统。11月21日中国东方航空5210号班机空难。
- 2004月21日，内蒙古“包头空难”造成55人死亡。
- 2004月20日，河南大平矿难造成148人死亡。
- 2004月28日，陕西陈家山矿难造成166人死亡。
- 2005President Chen is invited and attends the funeral of Pope John Paul II. He is the first ROC president to visit the Vatican.
- 2005March — The controversial Anti-Secession Law was passed, reasserting the PRC's desire for "peaceful reunification" with Taiwan and its right to resolve the issue by force. In response, 1.6 million people marched in Taipei against the PRC's "anti-secession law". Similar marches occur across the world by Taiwanese nationalists. Protests against the PRC were held worldwide, including, but not limited to: Chicago, New York City, Washington DC, Paris, and Sydney.
- 2005月12日，“神舟六号 ”载人飞船搭载费俊龙、聂海胜两位航天员成功发射升空，执行双人多天宇航任务，并于10月17日返回地球。
- 2005April — 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations: Mass demonstrations against Japan took place.
- 20052005 Ruichang earthquake
- 2005November — 2005 Jilin chemical plant explosions: A series of explosions at a chemical plant in Jilin City killed six and forced the evacuation of tens of thousands.
- 2005月-5月，中国国民党主席连战（2005年中國國民黨和平之旅）、亲民党主席宋楚瑜（2005年亲民党搭桥之旅）先后访问大陆，与中共中央总书记胡锦涛等领导人会面。
- 2005月10日，黑龙江省沙兰镇发生特大山洪和泥石流，洪水瞬间淹没位于低洼处的沙兰镇中心小学，共造成117人死亡，其中105人为学生。
- 2005月13日—18日，世界貿易組織首次在中國領土香港舉行部長級會議。
- 2005月19日-21日，时任美国总统小布什第三次访华，与时任中国国家主席胡锦涛会面。
- 2005The National Assembly of the Republic of China convenes for the last time to implement several constitutional reforms, including single-member two-vote districts, and votes to transfer the power of constitutional reform to the popular ballot, essentially abolishing itself.
- 20051月8日中越北部湾冲突。反日示威活动。三二六护台湾大游行。作家巴金逝世。
- 2005March-April — Pan-Blue leaders visit to mainland China
- 2005月，河北唐山刘官屯矿难造成108人死亡。
- 2005月17日，前中共中央總書記、前中华人民共和国国务院总理趙紫陽逝世。
- 2005月4日，胡锦涛对台提出四“不”原则，中华人民共和国《反分裂国家法》通过并执行。
- 2005月，黑龙江七台河特大矿难造成171人死亡。
- 20052005 Sunjiawan mine disaster
- 2005月，广东大兴矿难造成121人死亡。
| - December — Japan send troops to Iraq during the Iraq War (2003–11). However, a year later, Japan was established Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group between 2004 and 2006.
- November — Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi won the general elections at the second time.
- 2001Ikeda school massacre
- 2001July — Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi won the House of Councillors election.
- 2001World Short Track Speed Skating Team Championships
- 2001April — Prime Minister Yoshirō Mori resigned and Junichiro Koizumi become 91st Prime Minister of Japan.
- 2001（平成13年)
- 2002May-30 June — 2002 FIFA World Cup are held in Japan and South Korea.
- 20042004 Chūetsu earthquake
- 2004오무타 연쇄 살인 사건
- 2004기이반도 동남쪽 해역 지진
- 2004July — Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi won the House of Councillors election.
- 2005November — Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)'s robotic spacecraft Hayabusa landed on an asteroid and collected samples in the form of tiny grains of asteroidal material, which were returned to Earth aboard the spacecraft on 13 June 2010. It was the first spacecraft in history designed to deliberately land on an asteroid and then take off again. The Hayabusa mission was the first to return an asteroid sample to Earth for analysis.
- 20052005 Fukuoka earthquake
- 2005지바현 북서부 지진
- 2005September — Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi won the general elections at the third time.
| - Steve Bartman incident
- 2003 Alabama earthquake
- U.S. forces continue fighting an insurgency in Iraq while helping the Iraqis build a new army of their own and develop a democratic form of government
- Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates upon re-entry to the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts and resulting in a 29-month suspension of the Space Shuttle program.
- In Iraq, deposed Iraqi president Saddam Hussein is captured by U.S. special forces.
- Republicans retake narrow control of the Senate following 2002 elections.
- A series of incidents occur that institute a crackdown on building, fire, and safety code violations across the United States, including the E2 nightclub stampede which killed 21, The Station nightclub fire which killed 100, and a porch collapse which killed 13.
- 2001American Airlines Flight 11
- 2001United Airlines Flight 93
- 2001American Airlines Flight 77
- 2001United Airlines Flight 175
- 2001Patriot Act
- 2001American Airlines Flight 587
- 2001No Child Left Behind Act
- 20012001 Nisqually earthquake
- 2001Anthrax attacks kill 5 and infect a further 17 through the U.S. Mail system.
- 2001The United States launches the invasion of Afghanistan marking the start of Operation Enduring Freedom.
- 2001Congress passes an emergency bailout package for the airline industry as a result of the attacks
- 2001Democrats gain narrow control of Senate after Jim Jeffords defects from the Republican Party.
- 2001Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
- 2002No Mercy (2002)
- 20022002 Denali earthquake
- 2002Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
- 200210 people are killed and 3 are injured in the Beltway sniper attacks around the Washington D.C. area.
- 2002The Department of Homeland Security is created in the wake of the September 11 attacks.
- 2004The social networking website Facebook is launched.
- 2004Massachusetts becomes the first state to legalize same-sex marriage in compliance with a ruling from the state's Supreme Court ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
- 20042004 Democratic National Convention
- 2004Former President Ronald Reagan dies from complications resulting from Alzheimer's disease. He lies in state at the U.S. Capitol building before being interred.
- 2004George W. Bush is re-elected president, Dick Cheney is re-elected vice president.
- 20042004 United States presidential election in Illinois
- 2004The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season produces four deadly and damaging hurricanes which impact Florida, Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne, which kill a combined 100 people in the U.S. and produce over $50 billion in damage
- 2004January 20, 2005 — President Bush and Vice President Cheney begin their second terms.
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